EP003: Eszter Harsányi, social entrepreneur and activist in Hungary
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Sanja Milosavljevic: Hi, hello, good day. My name is Sanja Milosavljevic, and I’m going to be your host for today. This is an entrepreneur podcast and we are talking about how COVID changed our lives and how COVID influenced small business or medium-sized business owners in the world. Today, my guest is going to be a friend of mine. Her name is Eszter and she comes from Hungary – she lives in Budapest. And she’s going to share with us her story about her business and life in Budapest or in Hungary these days. So, hi Eszter, how are you?
Eszter Harsányi: Fine, thank you! Everything is just cool – it’s summer!
Sanja Milosavljevic: It’s summer, yes. So, can you tell us something about yourself? We’ve known each other for more than a year now, we met in the States in 2019. But can you tell us something about yourself, what do you do, how does your ordinary day look like and something about your educational background and something like that?
Eszter Harsányi: Okay. So, originally I am a sociologist, but I’ve never worked as a sociologist. My carrier has began in the, like administration and then I used to work for a big multinational company, but after the birth of my second son, he was born with epilepsy, I needed to have a change in my career. So I started to do my own business and I am the owner of a small social enterprise which is focusing on teaching everyone how to play together with those kids who have got problems – behavioral problems, or even disabilities, or social problems, we are teaching everyone how to play together. I have two kids, the older one is 12, he’s a typical boy. He’s enjoying his summer holiday with his grandmother right now. And the smaller one, as I mentioned, he was born with epilepsy. He has gotten brain surgery and he is okay. He is 10 years old and he’s at home with us and with my husband. I think he’s finished his summer holiday for this year and he’s waiting for his school begins. And, the summer holiday unfortunately ended also for us because on Sunday we came back from Bolotov, which is a huge lake in Hungary, the Hungarian ocean. We came home from Bolotov, and this was the last moment of our summer. Since Monday I am working again. Yeah, that’s it.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So, when you say that your life changed when your son was born with epilepsy, did COVID change you? I mean, having a boy with epilepsy isn’t maybe that huge as something like a breakout of the virus. So, how did you adapt to this change? Is it that terrible thing for you, or is change something that is normal for you?
Eszter Harsányi: Well, the most difficult thing was the homeschooling. The schools were locked-down in the middle of March, so we needed to home-schooling both of them, actually, for more than two months. And with the older one it was not a problem because he was reading, he was doing his homework, he was doing his stuff, his thing. I actually I hadn’t seen him for one day because he was in his room. But with the smaller one it was really, really difficult. I mean, we can say lucky considering, compared with to other, Hungarian schools, because we had online learning. I mean, I am really happy that our school, that my kids are learning they prepared, I mean they immediately prepared the online guidelines and they started to use Zoom, even those teachers before who wouldn’t hear about internet and using the internet as a teaching tool, they immediately- they were so flexible, they started to use Zoom every day as normal daily. So I consider myself lucky. But still, we needed to sit with the younger one and we needed to sit with him all day to tell him what to do and how to do, so it was very frustrating. Even to see them that they are frustrated because they didn’t have any companion, just us. I mean, they didn’t meet with anyone, they were at home. My youngest one started having- it was suffering him psychology- psychologically. Because I saw that he started to thinking I don’t know enough English- his eyes were starting to shaking. Which is a kind of a symbol, it’s a signal of not being well. Because he was isolated. And if you’re talking about differently-abled kids, or those kids who are not typical, who are atypical – it doesn’t matter what is the reason of their atypical behavior, because of their social problem or because of their disability or whatever. But this isolation was even harder for them, compared to those who have got no problem. I still, my older one has a problem not to see anyone, but I think he was able to cope with the situation much better than his brother who is, okay, is younger, but still for him it was very, very difficult. This isolation. And I think I can tell those who have got the same kids as I have that seeing my kids, this was the hardest thing for me. For 24 hours I realized – each 24 hours I had to see my son was different than other. I mean, you know, in normal weekdays he’s in school, I pick up at 4 o’clock and I spend time with him. I know that he’s different than the other one, but I mean it was just punching into you face for 24 hours that he’s different from others because I needed to sit down with him and teaching him and so on.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So, aren’t- there’s a small controversy here in Serbia regarding the start of the school year which is in, I don’t know, two weeks from now. So, are the kids from Hungary, are they returning to school at the begin-
Eszter Harsányi: Yes.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So, no more home-schooling, no more online-teaching?
Eszter Harsányi: Right. We are hearing rumors that, maybe from the middle of September or from the middle of October the school will be locked-down again and that there would be online solution. But now we have the letters from the school master, we are preparing- even they are going to do some camping, which was delayed because of the COVID. But now they are preparing for the school years as fast as we can. I mean, we are scared that we need to home-school them again, which will be terrible and even with the backpedal it would be easier in reverse than during the spring time because at least we spend hours outside, but if it’s internet it will be difficult. But now everyone is behaving as nothing bad stuff has ever happen. We are going back to schools, the kids are going back to schools. There are some rules from the Ministry which the schools need to follow, but it’s- the rules are, it’s impossible to follow the rules. I mean, the rules was written from somebody who doesn’t- who’ve never been in a Hungarian school. I mean, decisions from the Ministry it looks like they’ve never seen a school from the inside. So if I reading the Facebook from parents group, even the teachers group, everyone’s upset. Because these are just- it’s just- we cannot, they cannot follow the rules, that’s for sure. So, I don’t know what is going to happen actually. But yes, in two-weeks time- no, one week, actually the school will be- one and a half week, the school will begin.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So, are you comfortable with sending your boys to school?
Eszter Harsányi: You see, I feel like this is like we are Don Quixote who is fighting with the- the-
Sanja Milosavljevic: I know, I know – windmills, I know.
Eszter Harsányi: You can’t protect. I mean, I am using the public transport, I am meeting with people. You can’t avoid it. If it has to happen, it has to happen. I don’t want to be locked-down in my own home, I want to meet with my friends, my family… there is a risk, I know. But that’s for sure that I don’t want homeschooling my kids anymore. Because that is not a good solution. I mean, if I have to I will, but I don’t want to.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So did you have a complete lockdown? Total lockdown? Like in Serbia during the month of May we were locked down for four days in a row and every weekend and every day from 5 or 6 o’clock in the evening. How was in Budapest, or in Hungary?
Eszter Harsányi: Well officially it was a lockdown, but practically? It wasn’t a lockdown.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Really?
Eszter Harsányi: Yeah, no. As soon as the weather started to be very good, people were outside and no one checked whether you go. Or, at least officially it was said you can leave your home if you go to work, but no one ever asked what are you doing at the streets. I mean I do remember that in May when weather was very good, we went to have a walk with my friends and it was full of people, everyone was outside. And no one checked, actually. Nights, no one is checking if you are wearing a mask, no one is checking it. So it’s officially there was a lockdown, officially there are rules, but no one is taking them.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So do you wear a mask? What are the precaution measures? Like in Serbia, we are wearing masks, we wash our hands often, more often…
Eszter Harsányi: That’s what I do.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Social distancing, but…is it something different in Hungary?
Eszter Harsányi: No, I am not practising social distancing, but we do wash hands, wear mask…not everybody obey in Budapest. I don’t know what’s better, I’m decide, but in Budapest not everyone is obeying. Mask especially, in public transport. When I go shopping, most of the people are wearing mask, that’s for sure. Because everyone can be punished – employees working in the shop and the customers who are going to the shop they can be punished. I mean I never heard anyone who was punished, but probably that’s why people are wearing masks. But in public transport less and less people are wearing masks. So actually they, the new mayor of Budapest, they started to have new rules regarding wearing masks in the public transport because he realized that you know, they are not following the rules. Because it was written in March and April or whenever.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Well I think that people are basically tired because we spent too much time, too long time in quarantines, or following the rules, so I think people are just a bit tired of not seeing any results.
Eszter Harsányi: Yeah.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So, can you tell us something about women in business in Hungary? I’ve read a research Mastercard did I think three or four years ago and it says that only- less than 30% of small-scale businesses are ran or led by women. Did anything change in the meantime?
Eszter Harsányi: I don’t know the precise numbers, maybe they’re higher, but the situation is not that better. I mean, we are living in a- I wouldn’t say it’s a patriarchal society, but still there is a gender bias and there is huge difference between woman and man. Even in- and this is coming from the communication from the government-
Sanja Milosavljevic: Really? In what terms? In what terms? When you say there is a huge difference between women and men – in what terms?
Eszter Harsányi: If you hear from the government that the woman place is in the kitchen, then you cannot expect anything from the workplaces. It is often – if you go to a job interview, they are asking you when are you going to have a baby. Which is not okay, I mean, in the 21st century it is not okay to ask this question. But this is still the practise – not everywhere, but this is still okay, because if this kind of communication is coming from the government, you can’t expect from the workplaces not to ask the same question or not to behave as the same. And there is still we have, you know, the glass ceiling. Women that earn less money than men. If you see the Hungarian government, there is no- any women in the Hungarian Ministry, in the Hungarian Government, only men. So it’s, you know, this is telling something how this country is thinking about women.
Sanja Milosavljevic: But are there any women in decision-making positions? They don’t have to be in the government, but do you have-
Eszter Harsányi: Yes.
Sanja Milosavljevic: You have women on some higher, top-level management?
Eszter Harsányi: There are some CEO’s for some big multinational companies, even I know some small-scaling companies that have women-owned, women-
Sanja Milosavljevic: Women are-
Eszter Harsányi: Yes. Yes. This is true. But so, maybe the numbers are higher than four years ago, but I wouldn’t say that the situation is so good. So we should- there is place for improvement regarding women enterprisers or women entrepreneurships. And I am talking to men coaches who have coaching women and they always say that- I mean, I hear the fear why a woman is not able to have- to run her own enterprise. It’s not okay to be the breadwinner in the Hungarian society. And maybe this is a stigmatization, I can say that because, you know, not every Hungarian family is thinking in the same way. But I mean, I heard from many women that it’s not okay to be the breadwinner for the family.
Sanja Milosavljevic: I know. The funny thing is – the title of that research I read is actually women in business and balancing life and career with the emphasis on how they can manage having their families and babies or whatever and running their own businesses. So maybe that’s why…it’s similar here, we also have a smaller percent of women running or leading their businesses. Where do you think- you said there is a place for improvement? Where do you see improvement? What can we do as a society as a society, or what can we do as women?
Eszter Harsányi: [speaking in Hungarian to someone outside the call] Sorry. Could you repeat the question, sorry.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Is everything okay?
Eszter Harsányi: Yeah.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Okay. So, you said there is a place for improvement. Where do you see improvement? What can be improved?
Eszter Harsányi: For example- and I’m not talking about the small-scale businesses, but for example for the multinational company level, like there is no work-life balance, there is no flexible work, there is no- okay, now there’s distance working probably change because of the COVID. But before that it was unimaginable that someone can work from home. Or, if you are working in four hours in flexible job or in, atypical working hours, then your salary is so small that is not a good business anymore to work in four hours, or six hours or eight hours. For example that’s the reason I am not able to go back to work for a multinational company because there is no cooldown. I mean, I cannot go and pick up my kids because you know, the working hours are 9-5. If I want to earn decent money. That’s the biggest problem that there is no atypical working places. There were so many initiatives to change this, but actually nothing has happened. Because I don’t know, multinational companies are not everyone- I know it’s again stigma- but most of them are not trusting to their own people. And the woman is the one who has to manage to pick up the kids and the woman- and it’s okay if the woman is not earning the same money for a half-time job as a man. So it’s difficult. And in small enterprises, I think it has to change how do we think about when a woman is the breadwinner. Because I think this is the biggest obstacle if you’re talking about running a small business. And the other one is that it is still so typical that the woman the one who has got double shift. This means that I am the one who is picking up the kids and I am not the only one who is picking up the kids after school, after kindergarten, after nursery school. Men are always working or doing their business – okay, not everybody. But this is still typical. And it’s, you know, very difficult to be an entrepreneur when you have to finish at four o’clock and run to pick him up, pick her up and so on and so forth. This is again another big obstacle to raise these numbers. Maybe those- I was reading articles that those who doesn’t have small kids, they are more flexible in order to have their own enterprises. So maybe this segment is going to go – I mean the older one, 50+ years or something like that. When you don’t have small kids, it is a bit easier. Because that’s true that to paying a nanny is very expensive, so then you are working just to paying the nanny. The school are closing at 4 o’clock, the kindergarten closing at I don’t know what time. So it’s not easy to manage if you have kids and you want to be a successful entrepreneur.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Entrepreneur…I know. Can you tell us something about…this spring? Where were you? Do you remember where were you when you heard about the COVID? And what was the attitude of your media towards this new mysterious virus? Did you have that opposite attitude or opposite signals from the media how to behave, what to do, what is going to happen?
Eszter Harsányi: It’s a very tricky question…I’ve been- it was not COVID yet, but my kids were not allowed to go to school because we came home from Greece. It was the beginning of March and the schoolmaster said that they cannot go to school for two years. So you know I was thinking okay, I’m going to kill myself. Because this is- this scare that everybody in the school, not even friends and they are at home. And then, I was- I heard rumors from municipalities that they will go in to lockdown schools, but nothing has happened. And how the Hungarian government is working, the pressure was so big, the pressure was so high that they needed to lockdown schools. So that happened in the middle of March, or something like that, because of the huge pressure they needed to lockdown schools. And then they started to make interventions – wearing masks, limitating the opening hours of the shops, it’s- you know, after every day something has changed. And regarding the media there is I think only one or two press we are reading because that’s what we do believe and it’s just in the bracket that we don’t believe the government what the government is saying. So whatever the government is saying – I don’t believe it. And then close by my friends who have the same belief that I have, we don’t believe in the Hungarian government. Whatever they say about the virus, whatever they say about the numbers, whatever they say about how to protect ourselves, we don’t believe them. So that’s not so easy. And that’s why we were getting information from the foreign press because we thought that they were more reliable and that we could trust in them. And there are two or three sources where we can get information – Hungarian sources. And that was okay, that was close five calls on how to for and what to do. And another funny thing is that I have friends in the space – you know, where situation is worse – and they had time to read many, many articles, many many researches and we had so many things with my friends every Saturday when we get new information about how to protect yourself, what is the best mask to wear FBB2 or FFP3, how bad can you buy it and so on. We started to manage and maybe every other communities were the same, but we started to distribute the information. Who can what, when can you have what, how do you manage it and so on. So it’s not the government who helped us, but well, we helped ourselves to figure out what to believe in, how to believe in, how to be prepared for the COVID. And this was funny that my friends started to- no, actually not my friend but we read it and we heard that people arre starting to buy food. You know it was primal – we started to buy food as well. I mean we ordered- we still have so many rices and cans. I don’t know what we’re gonna do with that, but we have it. Because this was the hysterics then, when everyone started to buy foods and we were afraid there won’t be food anymore in the shops. So it was, yeah – this is how I remember. We ordered foods and toilet paper and so on.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Yeah, it was the same. Yeah, it was funny because it was exactly the same in Serbia. People went to supermarkets to buy toilet paper and some non-perishable goods like cans of fish or flour or rice or whatever, so it’s the same. But I think it’s based on fear – when you fear for yourself and your life, then you go and just hunt for food. And if you have an extra food you can always donate to, I don’t know, homeless people or something. That’s one thing you can do. Okay, thank you. Can you tell us something about the social entrepreneurship? It’s very interesting for us in Serbia. It’s something that’s starting to develop here and I know that you run your company for some years now. Can you tell us something, what is social- what does the word social entrepreneurship means for you, how you handle things, do you have any kind of regulatory obstacles. Can you just start your business and have employees that are with disabilities or to some vulnerable group of people to work with. How’s the situation in Hungary and how’s the situation with your company?
Eszter Harsányi: Okay. So legally in Hungary, the social entrepreneurship as such does not exist. We have ltd. which is not social entrepreneurship, we have the NGO sector which is again, can be social entrepreneurship something, but it’s not that what I’m doing. And we have the- we have some other form. Which has to do something with NGO, but those some extra. But again, that’s not an IBD that’s not a social entrepreneurship. We have association now that they’ve started to change the regulation. But at least there should be some ltd. which is a form of social entrepreneurship. I mean in England I know that there are several types of social entrepreneurship, but in Hungary legally that just does not exist. And even when the government is thinking about social entrepreneurship where as you said where having disabled people employer and employee the mention, this is the only thing the Hungarian government is thinking about. So when you make the connection between social entrepreneurship, this means that you are employing people with disability. This is how the Hungarian government is thinking which is very sad. Because it’s much more, it’s much bigger and so on. So, many- I know many small enterprisers who consider themselves social enterprises and it’s so strange that I know many NGO who doesn’t consider themselves as a social enterprise. So I think it’s the- I think they, I don’t know, they are not prepared or they did not heard about the word or- that I have my own opinion about the Hungarian government sector, but I never heard any NGO that- or just very few who says that okay I am a social entrepreneur. And if you check the- and everyone is using a different definition of social entrepreneurship. But like Ashoka, the member of Ashoka, many of them is coming from the NGO sector. This is what they call social entrepreneurship. But in Hungary it’s- in baby steps, yeah? I have to say, yeah, something is happening, but in baby steps.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So was it hard for you? Sorry, but was it hard for you at the beginning to try to find your spot, or try to promote your company or try to get to some funds? What was the situation then?
Eszter Harsányi: Is it still difficult, because when I’m saying that I’m a social entrepreneur no one understands. So you have ‘I mean from an NGO sector? No, no, no thank you. I am not a civil organisation’. No, I am living from the market. So it’s very difficult for them to understand- many of them to understand what does this mean. There is a discussion about it, something is happening, but still I- all the time I need to explain what is the difference between an NGO and my business. That I am living from the market, not just because I am applying for funds of course because from the market I am unable to win. But still it is still- we need to educate people about what is the difference between an NGO and between a social entrepreneur. And even the other thing is, I really need to draw many, many places that impact is starting to- we’re starting to talk about impact. That whatever we do we are measuring it, we are talking about it and even NGO specific organisations have started to use the word impact. I don’t know how do they measure or what do they do with this impact thing, but at least they started to use the word impact, which is something. And even from multinational companies, they started to use the word impact that- they just not to donate money, but they want to measure how it impacted those who need money. But it’s very few people that understand what is impact, what is social entrepreneurship and especially that I have an RTD and not an NGO, so it’s very difficult to explain. But I am not giving up because we need to educate people, so we need to explain to them what is the difference between the two things that yes I am living from the market and yes I am doing for- which is, which has impacted the society on the long run.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Can you tell us something more about your business. I know what you do, I know what your product is, but can you tell us something more about that?
Eszter Harsányi: Okay, so as I told you at the beginning we are- the focus- our mission is to teach everyone how to play together. It means that we are designing equipment that everybody regardless of their ability or ages can play together. This means that if you go anywhere, even in Serbia, even in anywhere else in Europe, if you go out to playground, there is no way, there is no physical challenge kids can- able to play together with their disabled peers because there is no equipment allowing them to play together. So this is one focus that we are focusing on playground, and we are focusing on playground to change the attitude of the decision maker that instead of having this absolutely not unique playground equipment, but to challenge them to choose equipment where they can really play together that they can feel what does it mean playing together, that they can draw playing and so on. This is one part of the business. The other part is that we are teaching nursery school teachers, preschool teachers, elementary school teachers how they can involve kids with behavioral difficulties, with disabilities into the fun. Because although we are talking about inclusion, we are talking about integration, but if you are checking if you are seeing it in a closer perspective, it is not inclusion. This is not in relation what is happening in Hungary. So this is what we are teaching – what does it mean real inclusion. How you have to be a teacher, behave a little bit different in order to really support these kids who have behavioral issues, who need, you know, who need to talk a bit slower because it’s not gonna understand what you are saying. So we are delivering training where we really tell them or teach them practical ideas how they can involve these kids. And now we are starting to focus on kids with trauma, those who are coming from socially disadvantaged communities. This is what we call- they have trauma because they are hungry, they are coming from poverty. And started to deliver development packages for these kids that we are teaching the local helpers, the local educators how they can develop these kids in order to be prepared for school, especially after COVID. So, in summary we are dealing with kids who have a trauma, who has got behavioral issues or who are disabled and we teach the adults and them. How they can involve them into the everyday activity, including play, including learning, everything.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Nice, good job, good work. Do you- can you get funds from the bank? Can you get a loan from the bank if you are a social enterprise?
Eszter Harsányi: Esteban has got social banking something, but the numbers what I- once I tried to apply for a loan, but my numbers were not sexy enough. So I didn’t receive the social- because at the end of the day they are just bankers, you know? So at the end of the day I didn’t receive the loan. So now we are really getting the money from the market because we are selling this training for new communities, for kindergartens and for elementary schools and then also we are applying for funds because we know in the gypsy communities they are not able to pay for these developmental packages. So in this case we are applying for funds. We are working together with a number of foundations, we work with society foundations and we are looking for other partners with whom we can work together. And in the long run we would like to open- to scale up in the west Balkan because there the situation is even worse than in Hungary. And we really want to have there the teachers to show them how they can start to- start the intervention of childhood education, or early childhood development.
Sanja Milosavljevic: So I hope this podcast will maybe help, because I know that some people from our local community is going to listen to this, so I hope that someone who can make a decision is going to hear your call. Okay, thank you, thank you. It’s amazing. I remember when you told us, when we met last year, when you told us what do you do and what your company was, I was even not sure what a social enterprise is. Now I know much more about it, I read something about it and I think it’s kind of- I don’t want to say your future, but it’s a good business model. Because you’re actually making a pact between good thing – contributing to society – and earning some decent money.
Eszter Harsányi: Yeah. I think actually that this is the future. Because COVID won’t be the same, the decision making isn’t just going to change – those who are sitting in a bunch of money that this is not going to work like this. That we’re building focus for those who have nothing. I mean now that we are working with underserved communities it is really depressing how they live their everyday life. I mean, I knew this because I studied sociology and I was working with gypsy kids, but now that I’m a mother and have two kids, I’m really observing this with completely different eyes. So I think that social entrepreneurship is the future. We need to change.
Sanja Milosavljevic: I know, I know. We really need to change. Maybe this COVID situation is something that will push us towards a change. And I would like to ask you one more thing before we say goodbye because it’s almost the end of our conversation. How did your government help businesses to survive this lockdown period. Because in Serbia things stopped for almost two months and we all had problems with cash flow, with things like you have to pay for rental, you have to pay your employees, especially if you have a hard time finding a good employee, you want to keep that person in your company as a part of the team. So we got some incentives from the government. What was the situation in Hungary? Did you get any help.
Eszter Harsányi: No.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Do you have any information- no?
Eszter Harsányi: No. But, but I read in the newspaper and I don’t know what happened that they wanted to have some help, but it was good only for the big multinational companies which I don’t understand because they don’t have enough money. I mean, if they don’t have savings that means something is not going okay within that company. But for us? In my case? Nothing has happened. And my husband has got business in Greece as well, he has got in LPB and he received funds from the Greece government but he hasn’t from the Hungarian government, although he has got a legitimate business in Hungary as well. And me, myself, I received nothing. And I know that non-profit sector they didn’t receive anything and I’m quite sure that small enterprises many of them did not survive because they didn’t receive any help.
Sanja Milosavljevic: That is something very similar to the situation in Serbia. We got some incentives, we got some- they postponed the taxes we have to pay, but still that’s not the solution to a problem, it’s just postponing the problem for some future time.
Eszter Harsányi: Yeah, postponing…that is true, yeah…
Sanja Milosavljevic: Like it’s going to happen to somebody else, it’s not going to happen to me or you. Okay, so for the end, can you- what will be your message? What will you say to people in Serbia and people all around the world?
Eszter Harsányi: Regarding COVID?
Sanja Milosavljevic: Regarding COVID, regarding how your life changed and regarding the future of what is the new business model, what is the new model that is sustainable.
Eszter Harsányi: Actually this is what I learned during COVID and maybe this is my message that COVID forced me to change some part of my previous business model. Because I know that everything is now online, but I was hesitating to use some online solutions because this is not the business we are doing, it’s an intimate thing to talk about difficulties. But now we are forced to do some online thing. So I can say that I am grateful for COVID that I was forced to really look for solutions for online, which is giving opportunities to scale-up, which is giving opportunities to have a bigger impact. And my message is that okay COVID is not a good thing, but at least we have a roof, we have food, we have everything, but still we need to look for positive thing if we can find it. I mean I found it this time, this is the one thing I found it. And maybe that is the message that okay, it’s bad, it’s really bad but still we need to focus on how we can survive and what are the small elements we can see that is positive. I mean, I was really happy that I didn’t have to wake up very early. This was another advantage of COVID that I was able to sleep longer because we didn’t have to catch the school bus. So that’s two advantages I find – online solutions and that I didn’t have to wake up early. So maybe that can be the message that you can sleep longer and COVID is happening and when you get up later you go to work.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Okay, thank you Eszter so much, thank you for your time. Thank you for accepting to participate in this project of ours. So-
Eszter Harsányi: Thank you for inviting me!
Sanja Milosavljevic: Yes, no – you’re really welcome. Because I know you have so many things to say and you have so many things to share with the world and the people especially here in Serbia. Because we are basically a region, we are not that far away. So thank you once again and hope to- we’re definitely going to hear each other after we’re finished with the shooting.
Eszter Harsányi: Okay!
Sanja Milosavljevic: Dear people of the world, this was Eszter and she’s from Budapest, Hungary. She shared her story with us, and if you- thank you for your time, thank you for listening, thank you for staying with us. And if you want you can follow us on social media like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn and you can follow, share with your friends and families and subscribe for our YouTube channel. So stay in good health and see you in a week.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Zdravo, dobar dan. Moje ime je Sanja Milosavljević i biću vaša voditeljka danas. Ovo je podcast posvećen preduzetništvu i razgovaraćemo o tome kako je COVID promenio naše živote i kako je uticao na vlasnike malih ili srednjih preduzeća na svetu. Današnja gošća je moja prijateljica. Zove se Ester i dolazi iz Mađarske, i živi u Budimpešti. I podeliće sa nama priču o njenom poslu i životu u Budimpešti ovih dana. Zdravo, Ester, kako si?
Eszter Harsányi: Dobro sam, hvala ti! Sve je super – leto je!
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da, leto je. Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto o sebi? Znamo se duže od godinu dana, upoznale smo se u Americi 2019. godine. Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto o sebi, čime se baviš, kako izgleda tvoj uobičajeni dan i nešto o tvom obrazovanju?
Eszter Harsányi: U redu. Po obrazovanju sam sociološkinja, ali nikada nisam radila u struci. Karijeru sam započela u državnoj administraciji, a onda sam radila u velikoj multinacionalnoj kompaniji, ali nakon rođenja mog drugog sina, koji je rođen sa epilepsijom, morala sam da promenim karijeru. Započela sam svoj biznis i vlasnica sam malog socijalnog preduzeća koje je fokusirano na učenju drugih da se igraju sa onom decom koja imaju neki problem – problem u ponašanju, neke smetnje ili socijalne probleme, učimo sve da se igraju zajedno. Imam dva sina, stariji ima 12 godina i on je samo običan dečak. Uživa u letnjem raspustu sa bakom sada. A mlađi je, kao što sam pomenula, rođen sa epilepsijom. Prošao je kroz operaciju na mozgu i sada je dobro. Ima 10 godina i kod kuće je sa mnom i sa suprugom. Mislim da je završio sa raspustom i sada čeka da krene u školu. I odmor je, nažalost, završen za nas, jer smo se u nedelju vratili sa jezera Balaton, velikog jezera u Mađarskoj, mađarskog okeana. Vratili smo se kući sa Balatona i to je poslednji trzaj leta za nas. Počinjem da radim od ponedeljka. Da, to je to.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Kažeš da ti se život promenio kada ti se sin rodio sa epilepsijom. Da li te je COVID promenio? Mislim, roditi dečaka sa epilepsijom ne može da se poredi sa izbijanjem virusa. Kako si se adaptirala na ovu promenu? Da li ti je teško, ili je promena nešto što je normalno za tebe?
Eszter Harsányi: Pa, najteže je pala škola od kuće. Škole su zatvorene sredinom marta, pa smo morali da pohađamo školu od kuće sa obojicom, zapravo duže od dva meseca. Sa starijim nije bilo problema jer je čitao, radio je domaći i zanimao se svojim stvarima. Jednom ga nisam videla ceo dan jer je bio u svojoj sobi. Ali sa mlađim je bilo stvarno, stvarno teško. Mislim, imali smo sreće, u poređenju sa drugima, mađarske škole su organizovale onlajn nastavu. Mislim, stvarno sam bila srećna jer su moja deca bila spremna, mislim odmah su spremili smernice za onlajn nastavu i počeli su da koriste Zoom, čak i oni nastavnici koji nisu želeli da čuju za Internet ranije, počeli su da koriste Internet kao alat za učenje, odmah, mislim, bili su fleksibilni, počeli su da koriste Zoom svakodnevno kao normalnu stvar. Tako da se smatram srećnom. Ali ipak, morali smo da sedimo sa mlađim sinom i to da sedimo ceo dan i da mu objašnjavamo šta da radi i kako da radi, tako da je bilo frustrirajuće. I sama činjenica da ih gledamo frustrirane jer nisu sa svojim drugarima. Mislim, nisu se viđali ni sa kim, bili su kod kuće. Mlađi je počeo – psihički je patio. Jer vidim da je počeo da misli da ne zna dovoljno engleski jezik – oči su počele da mu se tresu. Što je neka vrsta simbola, signala da mu nije dobro. Jer je bio u izolaciji. A ako razgovaramo o deci različitih sposobnosti, ili o onoj deci koja nisu tipična – nije važno koji je razlog za njihovo atipično ponašanje, bilo da je socijalni problem ili zato što imaju neki invaliditet ili šta god. Ali ova izolacija im je još teže pala, u poređenju sa onom decom koja nemaju problem. Stariji sin je imao problem što ne viđa nikoga, ali mislim da je mogao da se izbori sa situacijom mnogo bolje nego njegov mlađi brat, koji je, okej, mlađi, ali ipak mu je bilo jako jako teško. Ta izolacija. I mislim da mogu da kažem za ostale koji imaju decu sličnog uzrasta da mi je najteže palo da ih gledam takve. Za 24 sata sam shvatila – svaki od 24 sata u kojima sam posmatrala sina, shvatala sam da je bio različit od starijeg brata. Mislim, znaš, normalnim radnim danima je u školi, kupim ga oko 16č i provodim vreme sa njim. Znam da se razlikuje od drugog sina, ali je bio šamar u lice 24 sati dnevno to što je različit od druge dece jer sam morala da sedim sa njim i da ga podučavam.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li postoji, u Srbiji postoji mala kontroverza u vezi sa početkom školske godine. Da li se deca u Mađarskoj vraćaju u školu početkom-
Eszter Harsányi: Da.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Nema više učenja kod kuće i onlajn nastave?
Eszter Harsányi: Tako je. Čuli smo glasine da će od sredine septembra ili sredine oktobra škole biti zatvorene ponovo i da će postojati onlajn rešenje za nastavu. Ali dobili smo pismo od direktora škole, spremamo se – čak i oni idu na rekreativnu, koja je odložena zbog COVID-a. Ali sada se pripremaju za školsku godinu što je moguće brže. Mislim, plašimo se da ćemo ponovo morati da ih podučavamo od kuće, što će biti grozno, što će pogoršati stvari, bilo je lakše tokom proleća jer smo mogli sate da provodimo napolju, ali ako je preko Interneta, biće teško. Ali sada se mnogi ponašaju kao da se ništa loše nije desilo. Mi se vraćamo na posao, deca se vraćaju u škole. Postoje pravila koja je donelo ministarstvo i koje škole moraju da poštuju, ali ta pravila, nemoguće je poštovati ta pravila. Mislim, pravila je pisala osoba koja nikada nije pohađala školu u Mađarskoj. Mislim, odluke ministarstva zvuče kao da nikada nisu videli školu iznutra. Pa ako čitamo grupe na Facebook-u, čak i nastavničke grupe, svi su uznemireni. Jer, pravila su jednostavno, ne možemo, oni ne mogu da poštuju pravila, to je sigurno. Tako da, ne znam šta će se desiti, u stvari. Ali, da, za dve nedelje, za desetak dana, počinje školska godina.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Pa, da li ti je u redu da pošalješ dečake u školu?
Eszter Harsányi: Vidiš, osećam se kao da smo Don Kihot koji se bori protiv-
Sanja Milosavljevic: Znam, znam, vetrenjača.
Eszter Harsányi: Ne možeš da se zaštitiš. Koristim javni prevoz, viđam se sa drugim ljudima. Ne možeš da ga izbegneš. Ako mora da se desi, desiće se. Ne želim da budem zaključana u svom domu, želim da se viđam sa prijateljima, porodicom… Postoji rizik, svesna sam toga. Ali jedno je sigurno, više ne želim da podučavam decu od kuće. Jer to nije dobro rešenje. Mislim, ako budem morala, radiću to, ali ne želim.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li ste imali potpuno zatvaranje? Potpuno zatvaranje u kuće? U Srbiji smo u maju bili zatvoreni 4 dana za redom i svakog vikenda kao i svakog dana od 5č odnosno od 6č posle podne. Kako je bilo u Budimpešti, ili u Mađarskoj?
Eszter Harsányi: Pa, zvanično je postojao policijski sat, ali praktično? To nije bio policijski sat.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Stvarno?
Eszter Harsányi: Da, nije. Čim se vreme prolepšalo, ljudi su bili van kuća i niko nije proveravao gde ideš. Ili, zvanično je bilo da možeš da napustiš kuću ako ideš na posao, ali niko nikada nije pitao šta radiš na ulici. Mislim, sećam se kada je u maju vreme bilo stvarno lepo, otišli smo u šetnju sa prijateljima i bilo je puno ljudi, svi su bili napolju. I niko nije proveravao, zapravo. Noću, niko nije proveravao da li nosiš masku, niko nije proveravao. Tako da, zvanično je postojao policijski sat, zvanično su postojala pravila, ali ih niko nije poštovao.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li ti nosiš masku? Koje su mere predostrožnosti? Na primer, u Srbiji, nosimo maske, peremo ruke češće…
Eszter Harsányi: To i ja radim.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Društveno distanciranje, ali… da li je nešto drugačije u Mađarskoj?
Eszter Harsányi: Ne, ne praktikujem socijalno distanciranje, ali peremo ruke, nosimo masku… ne poštuju pravila svi u Budimpešti. Ne znam kako je u unutrašnjosti Mađarske, ali u Budimpešti ne poštuju svi pravila. Maske naročito, u javnom prevozu. Kad idem u kupovinu, većina ljudi nosi masku, to je sigurno. Jer možete dobiti kaznu – zaposleni u radnjama i mušterije koji pazare u radnji, mogu biti kažnjeni. Mislim, nisam čula da je neko kažnjen, zato ljudi verovatno i nose maske. Ali u javnom prevozu, sve manje i manje ljudi nosi maske. Zapravo, novi gradonačelnik Budimpešte, propisao je nova pravila u vezi sa nošenjem maski u javnom prevozu jer su shvatili, znaš, da ljudi ne poštuju pravila. Jer su pisana u martu ili aprilu.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Mislim da su se ljudi umorili jer su predugo vremena, predugo, proveli u karantinu, ili poštujući pravila, tako da mislim da su se ljudi umorili od toga da ne vide rezultate.
Eszter Harsányi: Da.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto o ženama u poslu u Mađarskoj? Pročitala sam istraživanje koje je uradio Mastercard, mislim pre tri ili četiri godine i ono kaže da samo – manje od 30% malih biznisa vode žene ili upravljaju njima. Da li se nešto promenilo u međuvremenu?
Eszter Harsányi: Ne znam precizne brojke, možda su više, ali situacija nije ništa bolja. Mislim, živimo – ne bih rekla u patrijarhalnom društvu, ali ipak, postoji rodna pristrasnost i postoji velika razlika između muškaraca i žena. Čak – a ovo je poruka koju šalje vlada-
Sanja Milosavljevic: Stvarno? Na koji način? Na koji način? Kada kažeš da postoji velika razlika između muškaraca i žena, na koji način se vidi ta razlika?
Eszter Harsányi: Ako ti vlada pošalje poruku da je ženi mesto u kuhinji, onda ne možeš da očekuješ više u firmi u kojoj radiš. Često je – kad ideš na intervju za posao, da te pitaju da li planiraš da rodiš. Što nije u redu, mislim, 21. je vek, nije u redu da se postavlja takvo pitanje. Ali to je i dalje praksa – ne svuda, ali je i dalje u redu, jer takva vrsta komunikacije dolazi sa vrha, i ne možeš da očekuješ da te na radnom mestu ne pitaju isto pitanje ili da se ne ponašaju na isti način. A onda i dalje postoji stakleni plafon, znaš. Žene koje zarađuju manje od muškaraca. Ako pogledaš mađarsku vladu, nema žena u mađarskim ministarstvima, u mađarskoj vladi, samo muškarci. Tako da, ovo je poruka o tome kakvo mišljenje ova država ima o ženama.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Ali da li postoje žene koje se nalaze na mestu donosilaca odluka? Ne moraju da budu u vladi, ali da li imate-
Eszter Harsányi: Da.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Imate žene na višim pozicijama, u top menadžmentu?
Eszter Harsányi: Postoje žene na čelu velikih multinacionalnih kompanija, čak i u nekim malim kompanijama, postoje žene na čelu, žene-
Sanja Milosavljevic: Žene su-
Eszter Harsányi: Da. Da. To je istina. Ipak, možda su brojke više nego pre četiri godine, ali ne bih rekla da je situacija dobra. Trebalo bi – postoji prostora za poboljšanja u vezi sa preduzećima koje vode žene ili sa ženskim preduzetništvom. Razgovarala sam sa trenerima, koji treniraju žene i oni uvek kažu – čujem strah zašto žene nisu u mogućnosti da vode svoja preduzeća. Nije u redu da budeš hranitelj porodice u mađarskom društvu. Možda je to stigmatizacija, to mogu da kažem, jer ne mislim da sve mađarske porodice razmišljaju na isti način. Ali čujem od mnogih žena da nije u redu da budeš hranitelj porodice.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Znam. Čudno je to – naslov tog istraživanja koje sam pročitala je “Žene u biznisu i balansiranje između života i karijere” sa naglaskom da način na koji mogu da se snađu između porodice i dece i vođenja sopstvenog biznisa. Možda zato… Slično je i ovde, mi imamo manji procenat žena koje vode ili upravljaju svojim biznisima. Šta misliš, rekla si da ima prostora za poboljšanje? Gde vidiš poboljšanje? Šta možemo da uradimo kao društvo, ili šta možemo da uradimo mi, kao žene?
Eszter Harsányi: Izvini. Da li možeš da ponoviš pitanje?
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li je sve u redu?
Eszter Harsányi: Da.
Sanja Milosavljevic: U redu. Dakle, rekla si da postoji prostora za poboljšanje. Gde vidiš poboljšanje? Šta može da se unapredi?
Eszter Harsányi: Na primer, ne govorim o malim biznisima, ali na primer, multinacionalne kompanije, ne postoji balans između privatnog života i posla, ne postoji fleksibilnost na radnom mestu, ne postoji, u redu, sada postoji rad na daljinu koji je doneo promene zbog COVID-a. Ali ranije nismo mogli da zamislimo da radimo od kuće. Ili, ako radiš pola radnog vremena ili posao koji je fleksibilan, netipično radno vreme, onda je tvoja plata toliko mala, da to nije dobar posao, ne možeš da radiš četiri ili šest ili osam sati. Na primer, zato ja ne mogu da se vratim da radim u multinacionalnoj kompaniji jer ne postoji vreme za odmor. Mislim, ne mogu da idem da pokupim decu, jer je radno vreme, znaš, od 9 do 5. Ako želim pristojno da zarađujem. To je problem, što ne postoji netipično radno mesto. Postojale su mnoge inicijative da se to promeni, ali ništa se nije desilo. Ne znam, multinacionalne kompanije – znam, to je predrasuda – ali većina njih ne veruje svojim zaposlenima. A žena je ta koja mora da organizuje da pokupi decu i žena je ta – i u redu je ako žena ne zarađuje istu platu za pola radnog vremena kao i muškarac. Teško je. A u malim preduzećima, mislim da moramo da promenimo način na koji razmišljamo o ženama kao hraniteljkama porodice. Mislim da je ovo najveća prepreka ako razgovaramo o vođenju malog biznisa. A druga stvar je da je i dalje normalno da žena radi duple smene. To znači da sam ja ta koja mora da pokupi decu posle škole, obdaništa, jaslica. Muškarci uvek rade svoje stvari – u redu, ne baš svi. Ali ovo je i dalje uobičajeno. I znaš, teško je biti preduzetnica kada moraš da završiš svojih 4 sata i da trčiš da pokupiš nju ili njega i tako dalje… Ovo je još jedna prepreka na putu popravljanja ovih brojki. Možda one žene, čitala sam članak o tome, koje nemaju malu decu, one su fleksibilnije i mogu da vode svoja preduzeća. Možda će ovaj segment da se pomeri – mislim, starije od 50 godina ili nešto tako. Kada nemaš malu decu, malo je lakše. Istina je da je skupo plaćati dadilju, i onda radiš samo da isplatiš dadilju. Škole se zatvaraju u 4 sata, obdaništa se zatvaraju ne znam kada. Nije lako upravljati ako imaš decu i želiš da budeš uspešna preduzetnica.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Preduzetnica… Znam. Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto o ovom proleću? Gde ste bili? Da li se sećaš gde si bila kada si čula vesti o COVID-u? I kakav he bio stav vaše vlade prema ovom novom misterioznom virusu? Da li ste imali oprečne stavove ili oprečne signale iz medija o tome kako da se ponašate, šta da radite, šta će se desiti?
Eszter Harsányi: To je nezgodno pitanje. Bilo je to, još uvek nije proglašena pandemija, ali mojoj deci nije bilo dozvoljeno da se vrate u školu, jer smo se vratili kući iz Grčke. Bio je početak marta meseca i direktor je rekao da ne mogu da se vrate u školu naredna dva meseca. Pa sam mislila u sebi, u redu, ubiću se. Jer to je jezivo, svi su u školi, nema prijatelja a oni su kod kuće. A onda sam čula glasine iz opština da će zatvoriti škole, ali se ništa nije desilo. Sada mađarska vlada radi, pritisak je bio preveliki, toliko visok da su morali da zatvore škole. To se desilo sredinom marta, ili tako nekako, i zbog veliko pritiska su morali da zatvore škole. I počeli su sa intervencijama – nošenje maski, ograničenje radnog vremena radnji, znaš svakog dana se nešto menjalo. A što se tiče medija, postoji jedna ili dve novine koje čitamo jer ono njima verujemo i ono o čemu ne govorimo javno je da ne verujemo onome što vlada govori. Tako da, šta god da vlada govori, ne verujem im. I moji prijatelji, koji dele moja uverenja, ni oni ne veruju vladi. Šta god da kažu o virusu, šta god da kažu o brojevima, šta god da kažu o tome kako da se zaštitimo, mi im ne verujemo. Tako da nije tako lako. I zato smo pratili stranu štampu jer smo mislili da su pouzdaniji i da možemo da im verujemo. Postoji dva ili tri izvora iz kojih dobijamo informacije – mađarskih izvora. I to je bilo u redu, da znamo kako da se ponašamo i šta da radimo. Druga interesantna stvar je da imam prijatelje u Americi gde je situacija gora – koji su imali vremena da čitaju dosta, članke, istraživanja, i onda smo svake subote dobijali nove informacije kako da se zaštitimo, koja maska je najbolja, FBB2 ili FFP3, gde mogu da se kupe i tako dalje… Počeli smo da se snalazimo i možda je u svakoj drugoj zajednici bilo isto, počeli smo da delimo informacije. Ko, šta, gde i kako i tako dalje… Tako da, nije nam vlada pomogla, već smo mi pomogli jedni drugima da shvatimo u šta da verujemo, kako da se pripremimo za COVID. I bilo je interesantno što su moji prijatelji počeli – ne, ne moji prijatelji, već smo čuli i čitali da su ljudi počeli da kupuju hranu. Bilo je iskonski – i mi smo počeli da kupujemo hranu. Naručivali smo hranu – i dalje imamo pirinča i konzervirane hrane. Ne znam šta ćemo da radimo sa tim. Zavladala je histerija, kada su svi počeli da kupuju hranu i mi smo plašili da neće više biti hrane u radnjama. Tako je bilo, tako se sećam tog perioda. Naručivali smo hranu i toalet papir…
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da, bilo je isto. Smešno je jer je isto kao u Srbiji. Ljudi su išli u supermarkete da kupe toalet papir i nešto nekvarljive robe, kao što su konzerve ribe, brašno ili pirinač, ili šta god, bilo je isto tako. Ali mislim da se to zasniva na strahu – kada se bojiš za sebe ili svoj život, onda ideš u lov na hranu. A ako imaš viška hrane, uvek možeš da je doniraš, ne znam, beskućnicima. To je jedna stvar koju možeš da uradiš. U redu, hvala ti. Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto o socijalnom preduzetništvu? To je interesantna tema u Srbiji. Počinje da se razvija kod nas a znam da ti vodiš socijalno preduzeće već nekoliko godina. Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto, šta za tebe znači socijalno preduzetništvo, kako rešavaš stvari da li imaš neke zakonske prepreke? Da li možeš samo da pokreneš posao i zaposliš ljude sa nekim invaliditetom ili neke ranjive grupe? Kakva je situacija u Mađarskoj i kakva je situacija u tvojoj firmi?
Eszter Harsányi: U redu. Pravno, u Mađarskoj, socijalno preduzetništvo kao takvo ne postoji. Imamo doo, što nije socijalno preduzeće, imamo NVO sektor što, ponavljam, može biti socijalno preduzeće, ali mi nismo to. Imamo neku drugu formu. Što ima dodirnih tačaka sa NVO, ali i još nešto dodatno. Ipak, to nije IBD, to nije socijalno preduzetništvo. Sada imamo udruženje i počeli smo sa promenama regulativa. Ali trebalo bi da postoji neka vrsta uređenja firme koje je socijalno preduzeće. U Engleskoj postoji nekoliko tipova socijalnog preduzetništva, ali u Mađarskoj, pravno to ne postoji. A čak i kada vlada razmišlja o socijalnom preduzetništvu, gde se misli na zapošljavanje osoba sa nekim invaliditetom, to je jedina stvar o kojoj mađarska vlada razmišlja. I kada uspostavite vezu između socijalnog preduzetništva, to znači da zapošljavate osobe sa invaliditetom. To je način na koji mađarska vlada razmišlja i to je tužno. Jer, to je mnogo više od toga, mnogo veće. Znam za mnoga mala preduzeća koja smatraju za sebe da su socijalna preduzeća, a interesantno je da znam za mnoge NVO koje ne smatraju sebe za socijalna preduzeća. Ne znam, mislim da nisu pripremljeni i da nisu čuli za taj pojam, i ja imam svoje mišljenje o mađarskoj vladi, ali nikada nisam čula da neka NVO – ili tek nekoliko njih, kaže za sebe da je socijalno preduzeće. I ako proveriš, svako koristi neku drugu definiciju socijalnog preduzeća. Kao “Ashoka”, članovi “Ashoka”, mnogi od njih dolaze iz NVO sektora. To se zove socijalnim preduzetništvom. U Mađarskoj je to još uvek u povoju. Moram da kažem da se nešto dešava, ali polako.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li ti je bilo teško? Da li ti je na početku bilo teško, da pokušaš da nađeš svoje mesto, da promovišeš svoju kompaniju i da dođeš do nekih sredstava? Kakva je situacija bila tada?
Eszter Harsányi: I dalje je teško, jer kad kažem da sam socijalna preduzetnica, niko me ne razume. “Dakle, vi ste iz NVO sektora?” Ne, ne, hvala. Nisam organizacija civilnog društva. Ja sam tržišno orjentisana. Tako da im je jako teško da razumeju šta to u stvari znači. Vode se diskusije na tu temu, nešto se dešava, ali i dalje, sve vreme moram da objašnjavam u čemu je razlika između NVO i mog biznisa. Ja sam tržišno orjentisana, ne samo zato što apliciram za sredstva, naravno, jer sa aspekta tržišta, nisam u mogućnosti da pobedim. Ali ipak, moramo da edukujemo ljude o tome koja je razlika između NVO i socijalnog preduzeća. Čak i neke druge stvari, moram da podvučem mnoge, mnoga mesta koja vrše uticaj počinju da govore o uticaju. Šta god da radimo, merimo ga, razgovaramo o njemu, čak su i neke posebne NVO počele da koriste reč uticaj. Ne znam kako ga mere, i šta rade sa njim, ali su makar počeli da koriste reč uticaj, što je pomak. Čak su i multinacionalne kompanije počele da koriste reč uticaj – ne doniraju samo novac, već žele da mere na koji način je njihov uložen novac uticao na one kojima su dali novac. Ali, mali broj ljudi razume uticaj, šta je socijalno preduzetništvo i posebno, ja vodim socijalno preduzeće a ne NVO i to je vrlo teško za objasniti. Ali ne odustajem zato što moramo da edukujemo ljude, moramo da im objasnimo koja je razlika između te dve stvari, da ja živim od tržišta i da radim, utičem na društvo na duge staze.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto o tvom preduzeću? Znam čime se baviš, znam koji su tvoji proizvodi, ali da li možeš da nam kažeš nešto više o tome?
Eszter Harsányi: U redu, kao što sam ti rekla, na početku je fokus bio na tome da učimo ljude da se igraju zajedno. To znači da smo dizajnirali sprave na kojima mogu svi, bez obzira na godine ili sposobnosti, da se igraju zajedno. To znači da ako odeš bilo gde, čak i u Srbiji ili bilo gde u Evropi, ako odeš na igralište, ne postoji način da se deca bez smetnji ili invaliditeta igraju zajedno sa vršnjacima sa invaliditetom jer ne postoje sprave koje im omogućavaju da se igraju zajedno. To bi bio jedan fokus – igrališta a fokusiramo se i na promenu stava donosioca odluka, da umesto što postoji oprema koja je uniformisana, da ih izazovemo da biraju sprave na kojima deca mogu da se igraju zajedno, da osete šta znači igrati se zajedno. To je jedna strana biznisa. U drugom delu učimo vaspitače i nastavnike osnovnih škola kako da uključe decu sa poremećajima u ponašanju ili sa invaliditetom u zajednicu. Jer, iako razgovaramo o inkluziji, mi govorimo o integraciji, ali kad pogledaš iz bliže perspektive, to nije inkluzija. Ove dve stvari nisu međusobno povezane u Mađarskoj. Dakle, tome ih učimo – šta znači istinska inkluzija. Kako da se organizuje nastava, kako da se ponašaju malo drugačije da bi istinski podržali decu koja imaju poremećaj u ponašanju, ili kojoj se treba obraćati malo sporije jer vas neće razumeti šta govorite. Držimo treninge na kojima im govorimo i učimo ih praktičnim idejama kako da mogu da uključe decu u zajednicu. A sada se okrećemo deci sa traumama, deci koja dolaze iz socijalno ugroženih zajednica. Šta mislimo pod tim – preživeli su traumu jer su gladni, jer dolaze iz siromaštva. I počeli smo da im dajemo ideje za razvoj za dece i podučavamo lokalne asistente, lokalne nastavnike kako mogu da razvijaju veštine kod ove dece kako bi ih pripremili za školu, naročito posle COVID-a. Ukratko, bavimo se decom koja su doživela traumu, koja imaju poremećaj u ponašanju ili koja imaju invaliditet i bavimo se starijima, kako mogu da ih uključe u svakodnevne aktivnosti, uključujući igru, uključujući učenje, uključujući sve.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Lepo, lepo. Da li imaš pristup bankarskim sredstvima? Da li možeš da dobiješ pozajmicu od banke ako si socijalno preduzeće?
Eszter Harsányi: Erste banka ima deo koji se bavi socijalnim preduzetništvom, i jednom sam pokušala da apliciram za pozajmicu, ali moje brojke nisu dovoljno seksi. Tako da nisam dobila sredstva, jer naposletku, oni su bankari, znaš? I nisam dobila sredstva. Sada zarađujemo od prodaje, jer prodajemo treninge novim zajednicama, obdaništima i osnovnim školama ali apliciramo i za sredstva jer znamo da romske zajednice nemaju sredstva da plate ove pakete za razvoj dece. Tako da, u tom segmentu, apliciramo za sredstva. Radimo sa nekoliko fondacija, fondovima za otvoreno društvo i tražimo druge partnere sa kojima možemo da sarađujemo. A na duže staze voleli bismo da otvorimo ili da skaliramo posao na teritoriji zapadnog Balkana jer je tamo situacija još gora nego u Mađarskoj. Želimo da pokažemo nastavnicima kako da započnu proces – intervencije u ranom obrazovanju ili u ranom razvoju dece.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Nadam se da će ti ovaj podcast pomoći, jer znam da postoje ljudi iz naše lokalne zajednice koji će slušati ovo, pa se nadam da će neko ko donosi odluke, čuti tvoj poziv. Hvala ti. To je predivno! Sećam se kad si nam rekla, kad smo se upoznale prošle godine, kada si nam rekla čime se baviš, o tvojoj kompaniji, nisam ni bila sigurna šta je socijalno preduzeće. Sada znam mnogo više o tome, čitam o tome, i neka je vrsta, ne mogu da kažem budućnosti ali je to dobar poslovni model. Jer praviš pakt između dobrih stvari – doprinosiš društvu, i pristojno zarađuješ.
Eszter Harsányi: Da. U stvari mislim da je to budućnost. Zbog COVID-a više ništa neće biti isto, oni koji donose odluke će morati da se promene – oni koji sede na gomili para će uvideti da ovo više ne funkcioniše. Mi gradimo fokus na onima koji nemaju ništa. Mislim, sada kada radimo sa neusluženim zajednicama, stvarno je depresivan način na koji žive. Mislim, znam ovo jer sam studirala sociologiju i radila sam sa romskom decom, ali sada kada sam mama i imam dvoje dece, sada posmatram ovaj problem potpuno drugačijim očima. Tako da mislim da je socijalno preduzetništvo budućnost. Moramo da se promenimo.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Znam, znam. Stvarno moramo da se menjamo. Možda je ova situacija sa COVID-om nešto što će nas pogurati ka promeni. Volela bih da te pitam još nešto pre nego što se pozdravimo jer smo stigle skoro do kraja razgovora. Kako je vaša vlada pomogla biznisima da prežive ovaj period zatvaranja. Jer u Srbiji je sve stalo na skoro dva meseca i imali smo problema sa protokom novca, sa onim da moramo da plaćamo najam lokala, morate da isplatite zaposlene, naročito ako imate poteškoća da pronađete dobre zaposlene, želite da zadržite tu osobu u vašoj firmi kao deo tima. Tako da smo dobili podsticaje od vlade. Kakva je situacija bila u Mađarskoj? Da li ste dobili bilo kakvu pomoć?
Eszter Harsányi: Ne.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Imaš li neke informacije?
Eszter Harsányi: Ne, ali čitala sam novine i ne znam zašto su želeli pomoć, i bilo je dobro samo za velike multinacionalne kompanije, što ne razumem, da nemaju dovoljno novca. Mislim, ako nemaju ušteđevinu to znači da nešto nije u redu sa tom kompanijom. Ali za nas? U mom slučaju? Ništa se nije desilo. I moj suprug ima privatnu firmu u Grčkoj, i dobio je sredstva od grčke vlade, ali nije dobio od mađarske vlade, iako ima legitiman posao u Mađarskoj, takođe. A ja, nisam dobila ništa. I znam da neprofitni sektor nije dobio nikakvu pomoć i sigurna sam da male firme, mnoge od njih nisu preživele jer nisu dobile nikakvu pomoć.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Tako nešto slično se desilo i u Srbiji. Dobili smo neku pomoć, odložili su nam plaćanje poreza i doprinosa, ali ipak to nije rešenje problema, to je samo odlaganje problema za neki naredni period.
Eszter Harsányi: Da, odlaganje, istina, da…
Sanja Milosavljevic: Kao da će nekom drugom doći na naplatu, kao da neće doći meni ili tebi. U redu, za kraj, kakvu bi poruku poslala? Šta bi rekla ljudima u Srbiji i u ostatku sveta?
Eszter Harsányi: U vezi sa COVID-om?
Sanja Milosavljevic: U vezi sa COVID-om, kako se tvoj život promenio i kakva je budućnost, kakav je to nov poslovni model, koji je to model koji je održiv.
Eszter Harsányi: U stvari, evo šta sam naučila tokom pandemije i možda je to moja poruka, da me je COVID naterao da promenim neke delove prethodnog poslovnog modela. Jer znam da je sada sve onlajn, ali sam oklevala da koristim neka onlajn rešenja jer ovo način na koji sam vodila posao, intimna je stvar da razgovaramo o poteškoćama. Ali sada sam primorana da radim neke stvari onlajn. Tako da mogu da kažem da sam zahvalna COVID-u, jer sam morala da potražim rešenja onlajn, što mi daje priliku da skaliram, što opet daje mogućnosti da imam veći uticaj. I moja poruka bi bila, u redu, COVID nije dobra stvar, ali ipak imamo krov nad glavom, imamo hranu, imamo sve, ali ipak moramo da tražimo nešto pozitivno ako možemo da ga pronađemo. Do toga saznanja sam došla. To sam shvatila. I možda je to poruka, loše je, stvarno je loše ali i dalje moramo da se fokusiramo na to kako da preživimo i koji su to mali elementi za koji možemo da kažemo da je pozitivan. Mislim, bila sam stvarno srećna što ne moram da ustajem rano ujutru. To je još jedna prednost COVID-a, što sam mogla da spavam duže jer nismo morali da žurimo na školski autobus. To su dve prednosti – onlajn rešenja i činjenica da nisam morala da ustajem rano. To bi možda bila poruka, da možemo da spavamo duže dok traje pandemija i kasnije odlazimo na posao.
Sanja Milosavljevic: U redu, hvala ti Ester, hvala ti na vremenu. Hvala ti što si prihvatila da učestvuješ u našem projektu. Dakle…
Eszter Harsányi: Hvala ti što si me pozvala!
Sanja Milosavljevic: Da, naravno, nema na čemu. Jer znam da imaš mnogo toga da kažeš i da podeliš sa svetom i sa ljudima u Srbiji. Mi smo u suštini deo istog regiona, mi nismo tako daleko. Hvala ti još jednom, i nadam se da ćemo se čuti kad završimo sa snimanjem.
Eszter Harsányi: U redu.
Sanja Milosavljevic: Dragi ljudi, ovo je bila Ester i ona je iz Budimpešte, Mađarska. Ona je podelila svoju priču sa nama, hvala vam na vremenu, hvala vam na slušanju i što ste bili sa nama. Ako želite, možete nas pratiti na društvenim mrežama, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn a možete da podite i sa vašim prijateljima i porodicom da se pretplate na naš YouTube kanal. Budite mi zdravi i vidimo se sledeće nedelje.